• Further modifications on the position of compound led to

  2020-01-16

  

  Further modifications on the 8-position of compound led to compound 4 (8-pCPT-2′--Me-cAMP, a.k.a. 007, ), which is a potent (half-maximal activation of EPAC1 at 2.2µM) and selective (about 100-fold EPAC/PKA selectivity) EPAC agonist. Since the discovery of compound , it has been widely used as a po

• During the entire life of individual articular chondrocyte

  2020-01-16

  

  During the entire life of individual, articular chondrocyte as well as subchondral bone receives acute or chronic stress. Joints homeostasis is maintained by biomechanical stress, as rapid loss of proteoglycan in joints occurs due to immobilization or disuse. These osteophytes are fibrocartilage cap

• We had earlier reported that collagen

  2020-01-16

  

  We had earlier reported that collagen fibers with intact native banded structure were occasionally observed in the kinase-deficient, membrane-anchored DDR2 ECD (DDR2/-KD) samples; however, in our DDR1/ECD and DDR2/ECD samples, observation of native banded structure of collagen was far more infrequen

• EBI and its ligand s EBI

  2020-01-16

  

  EBI2 and its ligand(s) EBI2 was found in a screen of upregulated genes in human B cells upon infection with EBV [1]. EBI2 is a G-protein (Gαi type) coupled receptor [2] but as long as 18 years after its discovery the nature of its ligand remained undisclosed. With the help of transfected cell lines

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments T

  2020-01-16

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer

• br Introduction As a strong analgesic morphine is often used

  2020-01-16

  

  Introduction As a strong analgesic, morphine is often used to treat acute and chronic pain. However, morphine is a substance with low lipid solubility that slowly enters the nerve tissue through the blood–brain barrier and produces neurotoxicity. Morphine-induced neurotoxicity can be produced aft

• The potential impact of multiple

  2020-01-16

  

  The potential impact of multiple washings on DNA retention in semen stains had not previously been addressed. In the present study, multiple washes of semen-stained cotton cloth produced only a minimal loss of recovered DNA suggesting that multiple washes may not materially affect DNA recovery (Fig.

• The commonly used eDNA stains we evaluated were the intercal

  2020-01-16

  

  The commonly used eDNA stains we evaluated were the intercalating dye propidium iodide, the highly sensitive stain PicoGreen commonly used in DNA quantification, the cyanine monomer SYTOX® Green, and the dye 7-hydroxy-9H-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one) (DDAO) not only sold as a standard for

• Although the ferromagnetic particles and T DNA ligase

  2020-01-16

  

  Although the ferromagnetic particles and T4 NU 1025 on the particles were heated by the ac magnetic field, the average temperature of the reaction solution as a whole was kept suitably low for the annealing of DNA ends (16°C). Indeed, no appreciable increase in the temperature of the reaction solut

• Studies on the external dehydrogenases of N crassa have show

  2020-01-16

  

  Studies on the external dehydrogenases of N. crassa have shown that the NDE1 protein is a Ca2+-dependent external NADPH dehydrogenase, while NDE2 is characterized as a dehydrogenase oxidizing both cytosolic substrates (external NADH and/or NADPH) (Carneiro et al., 2004, Melo et al., 2001). All three

• Despite low respiratory rates in citrus fruit prolonged

  2020-01-16

  

  Despite low respiratory rates in citrus fruit, prolonged periods of storage may cause significant changes in the levels of organic acids (Echeverria and Valich, 1988). V-ATPase and V-PPase catalyze the electrogenic H+ translocation from the cytosol to the vacuolar lumen to generate an inside-acid pH

• br Introduction Al Awqati and his colleagues using R

  2020-01-15

  

  Introduction Al Awqati and his colleagues using R(+)-methylindazone, R(+)-[(6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1-oxo-1H-inden-5-yl)-oxy] acetic oleanolic acid (IAA-94) (Landry et al., 1987) isolated the first chloride intracellular ion channel (CLIC) proteins (p64) from bovine kidney

• Lithocholic Acid In human neuroblastoma SH SY Y cells and

  2020-01-15

  

  In human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Lithocholic Acid and in lymphoma Jurkat cells, Yamanaka et al. [56] showed that exogenously added 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol could be efficiently esterified by ACAT1. These results suggest that both ACAT1 and ACAT2 can control the oxysterol levels by directly esterifying

• The expression of EBI has been found to be

  2020-01-15

  

  The expression of EBI2 has been found to be dysregulated in several types of B cell malignancies and is thus reduced in e.g. diffuse large B-cell lymphomas [12] and chronic lymphocytic leukemia [13] and increased in post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) [14]. EBI2 is also highly

• Lymphocyte mobility and homing is modulated by the chemoattr

  2020-01-15

  

  Lymphocyte mobility and homing is modulated by the chemoattractant receptor subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Campbell et al., 2003, Rot and von Andrian, 2004). B cell migration and position are controlled to a large extent by the lymphoid chemokines CXCL13, CXCL12, CCL19, and CCL21

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