• br Author contributions br Declaration of

  2022-01-24

  

  Author contributions Declaration of conflict of interest Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Director, National Institute of Immunology for his support. The work was partially supported by J.C. Bose Fellowship to SSM. We acknowledge the help from staff of Small Animal Facility of Nation

• Among the isoforms of heme oxygenases HO HO

  2022-01-24

  

  Among the 3 isoforms of heme oxygenases (HO-1, HO-2, and HO-3), HO-1 expression is inducible, and it catalyzes the degradation of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO) and free Fe. The Fe is then stored in ferritin, limiting its ability to participate as a catalyst through the Fenton reaction and

• MLN 9708 br Hedgehog pathway The Hedgehog

  2022-01-24

  

  Hedgehog pathway The Hedgehog pathway (Fig. 1) derives its name from Hh gene mutant Drosophila, which presents a spiked phenotype resembling the animal “hedgehog” [13]. The Hh proteins control embryonic development in vertebrates, where the signaling mechanisms mediated by the proteins are multip

• An important example of a frame is

  2022-01-24

  

  An important example of a frame is the lattice of open subsets of any topological space X. The correspondence is clearly functorial (by taking inverse images), and consequently one has a contravariant functor with the category of topological spaces and continuous maps as domain category. The functor

• br Competing interests br Funding br Ethical approval br

  2022-01-24

  

  Competing interests Funding Ethical approval Acknowledgement Introduction Hepatitis C is a disease that infects the liver through transmission of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Because the symptoms of this infection are not pronounced, the infected individuals may not even be aware of t

• br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Our understand

  2022-01-24

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Our understanding of substrate targeting mechanisms utilized by kinases has grown tremendously in the past few years, but challenges still remain in relating these mechanisms to the organization of complex signaling networks. Substrate prediction based o

• IC is a rat mAb specifically binding to insulin granula

  2022-01-24

  

  IC2 is a rat mAb specifically binding to insulin granula [127,128]. Although this mAb was discovered 30 years ago, it has only recently been used for β-cell imaging in vivo. Moore et al. used this mAb for β-cell imaging in 2001 [129]. After DTPA conjugation, IC2 was labeled with 111In. Both in vitro

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments This work was supported b

  2022-01-24

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments This work was supported by the American Diabetes Association (grant 1-12-BS-161 to J.D.P.), an NIH predoctoral T32 in Autoimmunity and Immunopathology grant (AI089443-05 to D.M.P.), the NIH (grant DK099550 to H.M.T.), the American Association for Cancer Research (S

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgements br Int

  2022-01-21

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgements Introduction Galanin is a multi-functional neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the neuroendocrine system and peripheral tissues of various species. This 29-amino-acid peptide (30 in humans) is proteolytically processed from its precurso

• g 36 mg Similar to C lividipennis RDL Jiang et

  2022-01-21

  

  Similar to C. lividipennis RDL (Jiang et al., 2015), we found that the intracellular loop variants of A. mellifera RDL had no effect on GABA EC50 (Table 1). Also, as with C. lividipennis, there was no significant difference in maximal GABA responses (Table 1). However, whereas the 31 amino acid inse

• The release of FBPase and aldolase

  2022-01-21

  

  The release of FBPase and aldolase from subcellular structures of muscle was dependent on the presence of the crowding agent imitating the physiological conditions – PEG 8000 (Table 1). The amount of both enzymes associated with structures of muscle 9-AC was about 6–7 times higher in the presence o

• As illustrated in among all synthesized

  2022-01-21

  

  As illustrated in , among all synthesized compounds, biphenyl derivatives , , , , and with substitutions at the 3-position possessed the best FAAH inhibitory capacity. These 5 compounds demonstrated a good activity against FAAH with IC values in a submicromolar range. Nevertheless, when replacing t

• alpha msh br Histamine H R The cloning of the H

  2022-01-21

  

  Histamine H4R The cloning of the H3R (Lovenberg et al., 1999) provided a template for the search of other alpha msh receptors, and resulted in the most recent discovery of histamine H4R. This concluded with six independent groups that have reported the cloning of the H4R (Leurs et al., 2009, Liu

• Apigenin trihydroxyflavone a natural plant flavone is a bioa

  2022-01-21

  

  Apigenin (4′, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone), a natural plant flavone, is a bioactive compound present in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, and its various beneficial biological activities have been reviewed (Zhou et al., 2017), including HIF-1α inhibition-mediated anti-tumor. Recently

• HER genotype was determined in breast cancer tissue

  2022-01-21

  

  HER2 genotype was determined in breast cancer tissue of 73 breast cancer patients. As previously reported, Ile655Val and Ala1170Pro genotypes measured in breast cancer tissues were available for 71 and 69 breast cancer patients, respectively. Briefly, 77.5% (55/71) of patients were homozygous for th

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